Counseling Theories Practice Test

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• Which Adlerian concept describes self-defeating beliefs that influence behavior?
• What is described by the 'phony layer' in Gestalt therapy?
• What term refers to the sum of all activities forming personality?
• Which group of theorists is commonly associated with cognitive-behavior therapy?
• What is free association in psychoanalytic therapy?
• Which statement best describes the applicability of behavior theory to diverse cultures?
• Which technique involves teaching by demonstration and imitation?
• Which Erikson stage corresponds to birth to 18 months and focuses on whether the child's nourishment and care needs are met?
• What are the stages of psychosexual development according to Freud?
• Who founded reality theory?
• A key contribution of existential therapy is:
• Which statement best describes interpretation in psychoanalysis?
• Neurotic personality development results from which cause?
• In Gestalt theory, what does 'introjection' refer to?
• Which term describes the process of reinforcing and selecting new behaviors to replace old ones?
• Which phase involves creating a new internal system through substitution?
• What does the 'explosive layer' refer to in Gestalt therapy?
• What is the main goal of behavior theory as described?
• Which Erikson stage applies to elementary and middle years, emphasizing competence through accomplishments and interaction with school and neighborhood?
• Disputational method in CBT is used to help clients?
• Which of the following is not a psychosexual stage?
• Paradoxical intention involves which technique?
• Which statement about musturbation and personalization is true?
• Shame-attacking exercises are designed to:
• Reality theory does not take into consideration the process of transference.
• Which phase involves applying more effective coping skills to real life?
• Arbitrary inferences refer to which concept?
• Which Erikson stage corresponds to 18 to 30 months and centers on developing some level of independence?
• Psychoanalytic theory emphasizes reconstructing the personality by focusing on what aspects?
• Which term describes reacting to others in stereotypical and inauthentic ways, playing games?
• Collaborative empiricism in CBT means?
• In Adlerian therapy, responsibility for change is placed on which party?
• Which Adlerian concept refers to the imagined final aim guiding behavior?
• Which statement aligns with the material on the founder of Gestalt theory?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the three core conditions for the client-centered therapist?
• Therapeutic collaboration refers to:
• Which Freudian structure is associated with morals and perfection (the conscience)?
• Life style in Adlerian theory is defined as:
• What is the main tool of Adlerian theory?
• Who is credited as the founder of Gestalt theory?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a technique used with behavior theory?
• Who formulated social learning theory?
• Which option is NOT listed as a component of identity in the material?
• In Gestalt therapy, what term describes the discrepancy between a person's self-concept and their ideal self-concept, often accompanied by anxiety?
• In Gestalt terms, what does the 'phobic layer' describe?
• Which statement best describes the counselor's contribution in reality theory?
• Which core condition involves accepting the client without judgment?
• In Adlerian theory, lifestyle refers to which concept?
• Which limitation suggests Freud's theory cannot be used in crisis counseling?
• Disputational method's purpose?
• Which limitation states that the importance of action is not realized?
• In psychoanalytic theory, fixation at an early stage of development can lead to which type of personality development?
• Which statement best describes a commonly cited contribution of Gestalt therapy?
• Collaborative empiricism describes which process?
• Which trait is central to Gestalt theory's approach to therapy?
• In Adlerian therapy, the therapist's role is best described as
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a goal of Gestalt therapy?
• Self-actualization in person-centered therapy is best described as:
• In psychoanalytic therapy, which phenomenon involves the client transferring feelings about earlier significant people onto the therapist?
• What term describes 'the person we have become'?
• Multimodal therapy is best described as...
• Humanistic psychology emphasizes which of the following?
• Which Freudian structure mediates between the id and reality?
• Stress-inoculation is best described as:
• Which Adlerian concept refers to the unique pattern a person uses to cope with life and organize their behavior?
• Technical eclecticism in counseling is defined as...
• In behavior therapy, clients are encouraged to verbalize consequences to clarify outcomes. True or false?
• Which scenario may present a limitation for person-centered therapy?
• Fictional finalism in Adlerian theory refers to:
• What best describes total behavior?
• Which of the following is NOT one of reality theory's four needs?
• In Gestalt therapy, retroflection is best described as turning back to ourselves what we would like to do to others.
• Which components are described as part of a healthy identity in the material?
• Which term describes the blurring of the boundary between self and environment?
• The mediator between instinctual impulses and reality in Freudian theory is the
• What does ‘positive addiction’ refer to in reality therapy?
• Which is a limitation of CBT?
• Selective abstraction is best described as:
• A potential limitation of person-centered therapy is that the counselor may:
• Reality theory aligns with control theory and posits that behavior is driven by which of the following?
• What is the central premise of operant conditioning?
• Symbiosis refers to which description?
• Which statement is NOT a limitation of reality theory?
• In Meichenbaum's cognitive-behavioral phases, which phase involves monitoring behavior and thoughts?
• In WDEP, what is the purpose of ‘Planning and Commitment’?
• Basic mistakes in Adlerian therapy refer to:
• In Gestalt therapy, 'personal power' refers to which of the following?
• Which Erikson stage corresponds to adolescence and involves striving for identity, forming personal values, and experimenting with different lifestyles?
• Counterconditioning involves what?
• Which statement best describes a contribution of person-centered therapy?
• Which of the following is a goal of Gestalt therapy?
• What is the 'implosive level' in Gestalt therapy?
• Which theorist is NOT typically associated with cognitive-behavior therapy?
• A key concept of Rational-Emotive Therapy is that emotional disturbance originates from what?
• Which concept is associated with the pleasure principle?
• In reality theory, the client is expected to do what regarding goals?
• Projection involves attributing to others the qualities that are unacceptable in oneself.
• Which describes a limitation of behavior theory?
• Which statement best describes a limitation of Gestalt therapy?
• How is ‘responsibility’ defined in reality therapy?
• Which Erikson stage is associated with maturity and guiding the next generation, while coming to terms with one's dreams and accomplishments?
• Which Erikson stage emphasizes forming intimate relationships in adulthood?
• Which term describes the unconscious motivation regarding early experiences influencing present behavior according to psychoanalytic theory?
• Which of the following is listed as a limitation of Freud's theory in the material?
• A primary goal of existential therapy is to help clients become aware that they are free to expand this awareness to increase options, accept responsibility for their choices, and become all they are capable of being.
• Who is the founder of person-centered therapy?
• Dream analysis in psychoanalysis involves which practice?
• What is a primary goal of reality therapy?
• Which of the following is a commonly cited limitation of existential therapy?
• Which statement best describes a characteristic of reality therapy as described in the text?
• Which statement best describes the focus of client-centered therapy?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as one of Perls' five layers of neurosis?
• Reality theory does not dwell on which aspects?
• In cognitive-behavior therapy, clients typically explore reasons for behavior and the consequences.
• Perls defined anxiety as which of the following?
• Which statement best captures the contributions of existential therapy?
• In Adlerian therapy, what is the main goal?
• What is the primary goal of person-centered therapy?
• In Gestalt therapy, what does the term 'confluence' describe?
• Transference occurs when a client directs feelings toward the therapist that are really tied to other people.
• In WDEP, what does the ‘Evaluation’ component assess?
• Which statement accurately describes the role of the environment in behavior therapy's success?
• Who proposed operant conditioning?
• In person-centered therapy, what is the counselor's role?
• Systematic desensitization is best described as a procedure to reduce anxiety through gradual exposure.
• Which statement best describes the role of unfinished business in Gestalt theory?
• Musturbation refers to which belief?
• In Gestalt terms, projection refers to disowning parts of ourselves and blaming them on the environment.
• Congruence in client-centered therapy refers to the therapist:
• Which statement describes the strength to create a satisfying life?
• Existential therapy is least suited for which scenario?
• Total behavior primarily influences which?
• Catching oneself in Adlerian therapy means the client:
• What does ‘painful behaviors’ refer to in reality therapy?
• In reality theory, the CLR role is best described as which?
• Which Erikson stage occurs in later life and questions whether one has led a satisfactory life?
• In Adlerian therapy, what does the avoidance trap refer to?
• Which term is most closely associated with the capacity to give and receive love, self-worth, and creating a satisfying life?
• Which set of techniques can be used with behavior theory?
• Which statement best describes a limitation of reality theory?
• Perls describes five layers of neurosis. Which of the following is NOT one of these layers?
• What model forms the basis of Rational-Emotive Therapy?
• Identity includes which of the following components?
• Which statement best reflects the core assumption of person-centered therapy regarding clients?
• Contingency contracting is defined as?
• Which statement best summarizes reality theory's view of behavior?
• Which statement best describes a primary goal or action under reality theory?
• Which term is defined as the blend of the sum of all our activities that forms our personality and the person we have become?
• What is Freud's theory's main contribution?
• Countertransference is best described as
• Which theorist founded multimodal therapy?
• Who founded rational-emotive therapy?
• Which statement best captures a contribution of behavior theory?
• In Gestalt theory, which is identified as the most frequent cause of unfinished business?
• In Gestalt therapy, which term describes the experiential deadlock or stagnation stage?
• Reality theory assumes that we are in charge of our lives and choose forms of behavior, which are directed toward what primary goals?
• In the framework presented, identity and total behavior are described as aspects of which context?
• What does WDEP stand for in reality therapy?
• Self-actualization in Gestalt therapy is defined as the development of one's potential and the basis of people being trusted to resolve their own problems in a therapeutic relationship. Which option best captures this concept?
• Which Erikson stage occurs roughly from 2 1/2 to 5 years and involves imagination and learning to perform adult roles while recognizing restraints are necessary?
• The description of total behavior suggests it is primarily what?
• What is meant by the ‘picture album’ concept in reality theory?
• Which practice is used in Gestalt therapy to increase awareness of the unconscious?
• Reality theory identifies four psychological needs that drive us. Which are they?
• In existential therapy, the client is viewed as:
• Which statement best describes the aim of psychoanalytic therapy?
• Which Erikson stage emphasizes forming intimate relationships in adulthood?
• Paradoxical intention in Adlerian therapy involves:
• Which statement about identity is true?
• In Gestalt terminology, what is 'aboutism'?
• Which term describes a long-standing pattern of behavior that disrupts functioning and is deviant from cultural expectations?
• Which Erikson stage occurs in young adulthood and focuses on openness about self and commitment to a close personal relationship?
• Which statement best captures the relationship between love, self-worth, and life satisfaction within identity?
• Existential therapy emphasizes core human concerns such as:
• Which phase is described as monitoring behavior and thoughts?
• What is a limitation of Adler's theory?
• Personalization in CBT is described as?
• CBT is commonly used for which conditions?
• Which statement best describes Adlerian therapy's overall orientation?
• Which statement best describes Adler's therapy contribution?
• In psychoanalytic therapy, analysis and interpretation focus on which phenomena?
• What is a primary focus of Gestalt therapy?
• An assumption of existential therapy is that individuals are:
• In Gestalt therapy, what does 'dichotomy/polarity' refer to?
• Nondirective counseling in client-centered therapy means the client:
• In WDEP, what does the ‘Doing’ component focus on?
• Gestalt therapy has been described as usable in which settings?
• In psychoanalytic theory, psychopathology is described as the result of which?
• Which element is described as the conscience, representing morals and ideals?
• Reality theory attempts to explain why and how people behave from which perspective?
• Which limitation indicates that Freud's theory does not consider social, cultural, and interpersonal variables?
• A commonly cited limitation of existential therapy is that it:
• Which of the following constitutes the three core counselor qualities in person-centered therapy?
• In social learning theory, what factor is essential to understanding behavior?
• Behavior theory is described as effective on short-term and adaptable to diverse populations. Which option reflects this?
• In reality theory, what does the ‘perceived world’ mean?
• Motivational modification in Adlerian therapy focuses on:
• Which theorists are associated with psychoanalytic theory?
• Which individuals are commonly associated with existential therapy?
• In behavior theory, which of the following describes the client's role?
• Self-worth in identity is best described as which?
• In Adlerian theory, the lifestyle assessment primarily explores birth order and interaction.
• In reality therapy, what does involvement refer to?
• Which limitation is described as Freud's theory not being measurable?
• Systematic desensitization involves...
• Which is a contribution of CBT?
• Gestalt theory stresses which of the following?
• Existential therapy is best described as:
• In Gestalt therapy, which approach best captures the therapist's stance toward the client?